Looking At Huck Finn Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Looking At Huck Finn Essay, Research Paper Subjects The primary subject of the novel is the struggle between civilisation and # 8220 ; natural life. # 8221 ; Huck represents natural life through his freedom of spirit, his barbarian ways, and his desire to get away from civilisation. He was brought up without any regulations and has a strong opposition to anything that might # 8220 ; sivilize # 8221 ; him. This struggle is introduced in the first chapter through the attempts of the Widow Douglas: she tries to coerce Huck to have on new apparels, give up smoke, and to larn the Bible. Throughout the novel, Twain seems to propose that the barbarian manner of life is better ; he draws on the thoughts of Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his belief that civilisation corrupts instead than improves human existences. The subject of award is one that permeates the novel. It is foremost introduced in the 2nd chapter with regard to Tom Sawyer # 8217 ; s set: Tom believes that there is a great trade of award associated with being robbers. We will write a custom essay sample on Looking At Huck Finn Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This subject can be traced throughout the remainder of the book. Huck and Jim brush robbers on the shipwrecked boat and subsequently they are forced to set up with the King and the Dauphin, both of whom # 8220 ; rob # 8221 ; everyone they meet. Tom # 8217 ; s robber set is besides paralleled by the fact that Tom and Huck both become actual robbers at the terminal of the novel. They both resolve to steal Jim out of bondage, and in the procedure they act uprightly. Thus award, and moving in a manner to gain award, becomes a cardinal subject that Huck will hold to cover with. The subject of nutrient is one that occurs in many parts of the novel. It is based on the fact that Huck grew up contending for nutrient with hogs, eating out of # 8220 ; a barrel of odds and ends. # 8221 ; Thus, whenever there is reference of nutrient, it is a mark that Huck has person to take attention of him. For illustration, in the first chapter it is the Widow Douglas who feeds Huck. Later she is replaced by Jim, who takes attention of Huck on Jackson # 8217 ; s Island. Food is once more mentioned when Huck lives with the Grangerfords and the Wilks. Another subject, and likely one of Twain # 8217 ; s favorites, is the jeer of faith. Couple tended to assail organized faith at every chance, and the sarcastic character of Huck Finn is absolutely situated to let him to make so. The onslaught on faith can already be seen in the first chapter, when Huck indicates that hell sounds like a batch more merriment than heaven. This will go on throughout the novel, with one outstanding scene happening when the # 8220 ; King # 8221 ; convinces a spiritual community to give him money so he can # 8220 ; change over # 8221 ; his plagiarist friends. Superstition is a subject that both Huck and Jim bring up several times. Although both of these characters tend to be rather rational, they rapidly become irrational when anything remotely s uperstitious happens to them. The function of superstitious notion is double: it shows that Huck and Jim are child-like in malice of their otherwise highly mature characters. Second, it serves to bode the secret plan at several cardinal junctions. For illustration, sloping salt leads to Pa returning for Huck, and subsequently Jim gets bitten by a rattler after Huck touches a snakeskin with his custodies. Bondage forms one of the chief subjects that has been often debated since Huck Finn was foremost published. Twain himself was vehemently anti-slavery ; Huckleberry Finn can in many ways be seen as an fable for why bondage is incorrect. Twain utilizations Jim, a slave who is one of the chief characters, as a manner of demoing the human side of a slave. Everything about Jim is presented through emotions: Jim runs off because Miss Watson was traveling to sell him South and separate him from his household ; Jim is seeking to go free so he can purchase his household # 8217 ; s freedom ; Jim takes attention of Huck and protects him on their journey downriver in a really maternalistic mode. Therefore, Twain # 8217 ; s aim is to do the reader feel understanding for Jim and indignation against the society that would harm him. However, at the same clip that Twain is assailing bondage, he besides pushes the issue into the background for most of the novel. Therefore, bondage itself is neer debated by Huck and Jim. Even the other slaves in the novel are perceptibly minor characters. Merely at the really terminal does Twain make the cardinal struggle refering bondage: should Huck liberate Jim from bondage and hence be condemned to travel to hell? This minute is life-altering for Huck because it forces him to reject everything that # 8220 ; civilisation # 8221 ; has taught him ; he makes the determination to liberate Jim based entirely on his ain experiences and non based on the what he has been taught from books. The subject of money is threaded through the novel and is used to foreground the disparity between the rich and the hapless. Twain intentionally begins the novel by indicating out that Huck has over six thousand dollars to his name ; this amount of money midget all the other amounts and makes them look inconsequential by contrast. It is besides within this context that Huck is able to demo such a relaxed attitude towards wealth. Having so much money, he does non see money as a necessity. In add-on, Huck # 8217 ; s upbringing on the land has made him independent plenty that he views money as a luxury. Huck # 8217 ; s positions on money are meant to contrast with Jim # 8217 ; s positions. Jim sees money as equivalent to freedom ; with money he can purchase his freedom and that of his household. Money besides would let him to populate like a white individual, therefore raising his position in the society. Therefore, throughout the fresh Jim invariably tries to acquire money whereas Huck takes an apathetic attitude towards the topic.

Mining uranium in Canada Essay Example

Mining uranium in Canada Essay Example Mining uranium in Canada Essay Mining uranium in Canada Essay Introduction Uranium was foremost discovered in Canada in the mid eighteenth century on the north shore of Lake Superior in Ontario [ 1 ] . However, Canada s first economic U find was located at Great Bear Lake in Northwest Territories, exploited ab initio for its Ra content. Following, major finds were made on northern Saskatchewan and, more significantly, in the Blind River/Elliot Lake country of northern Ontario.Until the early 1980s, most of Canada s uranium production came from the Uranium City and Elliot Lake installations [ 2 ] . Following the closing of the Elliot lakes installation in 1996 due to economic instability in the uranium market and the find of higher per centum uranium oxide, all active uranium production is presently present in northern Saskatchewan, chiefly from McArthur River and McClean Lake ( Fig.1 ) [ 3 ] . Known by its high grade/high per centum of U and the Proterozoic unconformities in the Athabasca Basin as a significant beginning of uranium ores, Saskatchewan is now Canada s exclusive manufacturer of U. This paper provides an debut to the formation and geographic expedition of U in Canada, chiefly the northern Saskatchewan Athabasca basin followed by a drawn-out analysis of the techniques that are used for its extraction and processing. The first subdivision will supply background information about U and analyze the geological formation and types of the U deposits found throughout Canada, concentrating specifically in northern Saskatchewan. The following portion of the paper will analyze the extraction and processing of U from its ores which includes unfastened cavity and belowground excavation. Newly discovered extraction and enrichment engineerings will be besides discussed. The 3rd and concluding part of the study will include environmental concerns that surround the U industry followed by a decision about the importance of U to Canada s energy production and the possibility of minimising the long-run environmental impacts as a consequence of U excavation. Background Information What is uranium and why is it being mined? Uranium is one of the most widespread of all metals. Small parts of U can be found in land, ocean H2O and most normally in stones. It is a heavy radioactive component with an atomic figure of 92. Its two chiefly happening isotopes are U235 and U238. Merely isotope U235 is fissile by thermic neutrons. However, isotope U238 decays to isotope Pu239 called Pu which is more radioactive that uranium itself and can be besides used in atomic fission reactions. Uranium is found in certain minerals such as uraninite and uraninite as ores because it is easy oxidized to organize Uranium Oxide ( U3O8 ) . Little was known about the possible energy that uranium holds until it was shortly recognized that this energy could be harnessed to bring forth electric power and atomic arms. Canada, for illustration, generates an norm of 14 % of its electricity [ 4 ] from atomic reactors. The electricity is generated utilizing Canadian-built reactors called Candu, fuelled in big step by Canadian U. Therefore, the chief grounds behind the extraction of U, apart from atomic arms development, are the coevals of electricity to be less dependent on the usage of fossil fuels and to make a market where the Canadian economic system could profit from. Formation of the Uranium- Geology of Athabasca Deposit. Furthermore, the majority of Canada s known uranium resources occur in Proterozoic unconformity-related sedimentations of the Athabasca Basin in northern Saskatchewan. These sedimentations host their mineralization near the unconformity boundary in either monometallic or polymetallic mineral groups. Pitchblende, one of the common minerals where U is present in, is found in the monometallic sedimentations whereas uraninite is found in the polymetallic sedimentations. The mean class of uranium scopes from 1 % to 15 % . [ 5 ] The Athabasca Basin, shown in figure 2, lies within the northern portion of the Saskatchewan Province ( Fig. 1 ) . The deposits have been deposited during Late Palaeo-proterozoic to Meso-proterozoic, at about 1.7Ga and are separated from the underlying cellar by a major unconformity [ 6 ] . The Athabasca Group is the major preserved unit of the basin located at its base and it is composed of midst, flat-lying sequences of quartzose sandstones deposited in a proximal shelf environment [ 7 ] . Unconformity-related U sedimentations are located near to the unconformity between an Archean to Palaeo-Proterozoic metamorphic and flinty cellar, and a Late Palaeo- to Meso-Proterozoic sandstones. [ 8 ] Such sedimentations have been discovered chiefly in the 1970s, in the Thelon and Athabasca Basins in Canada [ 9 ] . The Athabasca Basin as shown in figure 2 is the Prime Minister host for such unconformity-type sedimentations. The first uranium deposition phase occurred during a diagenesis event at a temperature of about 200-250 grades Celsius [ 10 ] . In this basin, sandstones host several medium to top-quality uraninite sedimentations such as the elephantine McArthur and Cigar Lake sedimentations as shown in figure 2 [ 11 ] . In add-on the sedimentations of the Athabasca Basin correspond to estimated militias of about 1,250,000 lbs of U3O8, matching to about 500,000 dozenss of metallic uranium [ 12 ] .Due to the highly high class of U, these sedimentations represent the most profitable uranium resources in the universe [ 13 ] . In the Athabasca Basin, unconformity-related U ore sedimentations are by and large located at the intersection of several mistake waies cross-cutting the unconformity, the chief ore-controlling construction being a graphite-rich shear zone shown in figure 3. The uranium ore sedimentations are besides often hosted and surrounded by breccias in the sandstone as shown in figure below. Exploration of Uranium Next, there are several types of geographic expedition that take topographic point on countries of involvement as portion U find. The first type is called Regional Exploration which consists of assemblage and rating of bing information and farther informations acquisition from land geophysical studies to dirty and H2O analysis [ 14 ] . This degree of geographic expedition efforts to sketch countries of uranium resource potency. The 2nd type is called Detailed land Exploration which includes boring, nucleus analysis and most significantly geochemical studies as it provides the concentration of uranium nowadays in the country of involvement [ 15 ] . The 3rd type of geographic expedition is used to measure the uranium recovery rate within the country of involvement [ 16 ] . It uses systematic boring and sampling of surface/underground ores of U in order to find the recovery rate. Extraction and Processing of Uranium Furthermore, while U is in many ways similar to other extractive industries, in certain of import respects it is different. Economically it differs in footings of value and direct income generated by its production [ 17 ] . Uranium is so a really high value metal and accordingly outputs really high incomes and grosss. [ 18 ] Uranium excavation methods are typical to other types of ore excavation which includes unfastened cavity and resistance. Northern Saskatchewan contains some of the universe s richest sedimentations of U. The ore is mined belowground or in unfastened cavities, depending on the deepness of the sedimentation. Open Pit Mining Open cavity excavation occurs where sedimentations are near the surface and have a significant horizontal dimension which is found largely in the Athabasca basin of northern Saskatchewan. Next, unfastened cavity excavation is much easier than belowground excavation. However, it occupies more surface country than belowground excavation. It can typically widen for 300-400 estates and involves blaring and lading onto heavy machinery trucks that transport the U ore to the factory. [ 19 ] Open cavity mines at Cluff Lake, Key Lake and Rabbit Lake infusion ore from really rich, shallow ore sedimentations. First it must be decided if H2O in sandstone must be removed by boring drainage Wellss. Pumping to maintain H2O degrees below the ore zone may hold to go on throughout the operation. The dirt and stone overburden must be removed by mechanical shovels and immense trucks. These same shovels dig out the ore by cutting down in annular benches, organizing a broad funnel-shaped digging [ 20 ] . The ore is removed by truck to the milling works. Mined-out cavities are often lined and used to hive away shadowings. Underground excavation Underground mines are favored when the deepness and physical dimension of the U sedimentations are ill-sorted for unfastened cavity excavation. A good illustration of an belowground mine would be in the Elliot Lake part in northern Ontario and McArthur River in Saskatchewan. The sedimentations at McArthur River are so rich that unmanned equipment and remote excavation methods must be used to protect employees from high degrees of radiation underground [ 21 ] . Typical underground mining operations include such installations as service edifices, a caput frame with lading installation, conveyers, a mine waste heap and a flow of H2O from the belowground sumps pumped to the surface for usage in the factory and concentrator [ 22 ] . The country occupied by the mine above the land may be merely few estates but extends to many stat mis of belowground gaps. Following, both belowground and unfastened cavity mining involves the burden of refinable and fringy U ores and the disposal of big measures of overburden and waste stone. Another new method of extraction that minimizes the burden and disposal procedure of stones is called unmoved leaching. It is done by taking the U from the ores while injected in drill holes or ore hemorrhoids above the land. This method is merely acceptable where U is present in sandstones. In situ leaching is non really practical as most of the U in Canada does non happen in porous mineralization. Other types of remote underground mining include raise-boring, box-hole drilling and remote box-hole fillet. [ 23 ] In decision, mineable ore is by and large 75 % -85 % of ore-in-place for belowground operations and higher for unfastened cavity operations [ 24 ] . Processing/ Enrichment of Uranium Uranium milling operations are similar to chemical extractive procedures such as the bitumen from oil littorals or Fe from Fe oxide ores. A U factory consists of oppressing machinery, having bins and a chemical intervention installation. The ore is crushed into little pieces to let easier and faster fade outing rate of uranium minerals as chemicals are being applied inside the chamber. Furthermore, the solid/liquid solution gets separated and the U is chemically recovered from the liquid solution as a precipitate. This precipitate undergoes powder until it turns into a all right pulverization known as the U308 [ 25 ] . On the other manus, the solid solution, known as U shadowings which consist of unwanted stuff, is so put in slurry of finely land solids which are transferred to a shadowings pool for settling [ 26 ] . This is the end merchandise of the milling done at the Millss in northern Saskatchewan. Today segregation of the byproducts ( shadowings ) of excavation and milling is extremely regulated, and must be done in an environmentally responsible mode. [ 27 ] Further, there are other uranium compounds present in U308 that must be removed at a refinery in a series of chemical separation processes. Initially the Canadian refinery was located at Port Hope, nevertheless, all uranium refinement in Canada was moved to Blind River in 1983 due to environmental jobs caused by the accrued refinery shadowings [ 28 ] . Polishing consists of several stairss get downing with fade outing the U308 in azotic acid to organize a solution incorporating uranyl nitrate. This solution is purified and the uranyl nitrate is eventually reduced to organize uranium trioxide ( UO3 ) . This is the end merchandise of the refinement procedure, which is so shipped to Port Hope for farther processing. Conversion is the procedure of change overing the uranium trioxide from the refinery into uranium dioxide, UO2, for usage in natural U reactor fuel and into uranium hexafluoride, UF6, for enriched fuel. These stairss are performed at Port Hope, the topographic point of the l argest uranium transition workss in the universe. [ 29 ] Uranium Enrichment The aim of uranium enrichment is to bring forth fuels with an increased proportion of U235. Get downing with natural U ( 0.7 % U235 ) one can pattern enrichment procedures in footings of the concluding grade of enrichment and the sum of U235 in the dress suits ( the residuary U, depleted in U235 ) [ 30 ] . For a procedure of given efficiency, the higher the needed enrichment ( % of U235 in the merchandise ) the more natural U is required for a fixed per centum of U235 left in the dress suits [ 31 ] . Similarly, higher enrichment per centums for a fixed sum of natural U and dress suits mean more energy must be expended in the separation procedure. Multiple phases with changing enrichment values for the input and end product watercourses must besides be taken into history [ 32 ] . A measure called the Separative Work Unit ( SWU ) is used as a step of the energy used in enrichment given the multitudes and U235 contents of the provender, merchandise, and dress suits. [ 33 ] The dim ension of the SWU is mass and therefore, it is more right expressed as kg-SWU or tonne-SWU. [ 34 ] Present uranium enrichment methods exploit the little mass difference between U235 and U238 in the signifier of UF6. The engineerings now in practical usage are gaseous diffusion and centrifuge separation. Laser separation is one of the newer engineerings that are being practiced. Gaseous diffusion is the older engineering and the first to go economically successful. It depends on the fact that in a gas of given temperature the lighter molecules of U235, travel faster than the heavier 1s incorporating U238. If a gas flows past a porous membrane that allows diffusion of molecules through it so gas on the other side of the membrane will be somewhat enriched in the igniter molecule. The really little enrichment at each phase means that a sequence of 1000s of such phases, jointly called a cascade, must be used to accomplish U235 enrichment degrees of practical involvement for atomic power coevals. The gas force per unit area must be brought back up after each phase to retrieve the force per unit area loss across the membrane. The compaction used heats the gas which is so cooled. The net consequence is that big sums of electricity are used to pump, compress and chill the gas. Gas extractor engineering, the 2nd coevals enrichment method, was developed in the 1960s and since so has been replacing gaseous diffusion [ 35 ] . The physical rule involved is to whirl uranium hexafluoride in a high velocity extractor, with the consequence that the centrifugal force exerted favours the resettlement of the heavier molecules to the outer radii of the extractor. An axial circulation between the top and underside of the extractor makes it possible to pull off a somewhat enriched fraction at the top of the extractor and a correspondingly depleted fraction at its underside. A important advantage of this engineering is that it is much more efficient in its usage of electricity than gas diffusion. Third coevals enrichment engineering is based on optical maser isotope separation and a assortment of such techniques have been proposed. These rely on the fact that the energy degrees in atoms and molecules vary somewhat with mass, a phenomenon known as the isotope consequence. [ 36 ] Lasers can be accurately tuned to a frequence that selectively excites an energy degree of an atom or molecule containing, for illustration U235, but non one incorporating U238. For case, excitement of one or more such energy degrees can ensue ionisation of one of the isotope-containing species but non the other, leting electromagnetic separation. The SILEX ( Separation of Isotopes by Laser Excitation ) procedure was developed in recent old ages in Australia [ 37 ] . It relies on selective excitement to take a fluorine atom from UF6 to change over it to UF5 to organize a solid. Environmental Risks and Impacts of Uranium But why would a automaton be picking an apple in the first topographic point? Automatons are frequently used in the atomic industry because of the menace to worlds from direct exposure to atomic fuel or waste. Robots may hold to be used to mine the high class U at the proposed Cigar Lake belowground U mine. In the universe of spread outing atomic energy, radiation would necessarily go on to come in into the Earth s ecosystem from the uranium shadowings left at the mines and the atomic releases and the waste from the reactors. The in writing can hence be interpreted as demonstrating that, in such nuclearlized universe, an apple ( typifying the nutrient concatenation ) might go so contaminated that worlds would non be able to safely pick or eat it [ 38 ] Environmentally and socially, uranium excavation is perceived otherwise from other energy industries because of the of import wellness and safety concerns that appear due to the extraction and processing of U. [ 39 ] Extraction of U from its ore below the surface is inherently harmful to our environment because of the very nature of the component and because of the high class of ore mined in Saskatchewan. The greatest hazards of U excavation to the environment are taint of lakes with dissolved radioactive stuffs, ruinous failures of shadowings containment and the pollution of surface and land H2O by chemical pollutants in shadowings, notably heavy metals, acids, ammonium hydroxide and salts. In the short term, chemical pollution has caused by far the most harm. Whole groups of beings have disappeared downstream from some old uranium shadowings countries because of acidification. Unless the shadowings are decently disposed of, these jeopardies can go really damaging to planet Earth if it enters the nutrient concatenation. Next, a complex containment system was late developed for the long-run storage of a big volume of uranium shadowings in the Elliot Lake part of Ontario. Figure 4 illustrates the many degrees of H2O screen separated by butchs and dikes. The H2O helps to forestall the flight of Rn gas into the ambiance. Radon has a four twenty-four hours half life, intending that half of the Rn atoms will disintegrate in four yearss [ 40 ] . The decay merchandises of Rn are solid stuffs, including three assortments of Po. If radon flights into the air from the chasing heap, lead-210 and polonium-210 will be deposited on the flora and will happen its manner into the nutrient concatenation. The different H2O degrees besides allow for solid radioactive stuffs such as Ra to be precipitated out, intending that these solids will roll up at the underside of each pool and will non go through into the following degree of H2O lower down, because of the presence of the butch. In 1979, a new shadowings dike built with the latest engineering all of a sudden collapsed in Churchrock, New Mexico [ 41 ] .The ensuing spill was the greatest inadvertent release of radioactive stuff into the environment prior to the Chernobyl atomic catastrophe. At modern mines in Canada, the short-run environmental impacts are frequently caused by non-radioactive parametric quantities. For illustration, increased degrees of salts may hold caused a displacement in species downstream of one U mine in Saskatchewan. Construction, geographic expedition and route edifice in countries antecedently untouched by industrial activity frequently cause the most terrible short-run impacts. Furthermore, in an enrichment works with lone natural U as input, the lone radioactive stuffs present are those already contained in the provender. No other radioactive stuffs are produced as they would be in a atomic reactor. The dress suits, like the natural U, are merely mildly radioactive and are stored as low UF6, which must be converted for disposal. The chief environmental concerns are chemical wastes caused by the refinement of U. UF6 reacts with H2O to organize extremely caustic hydrofluoric acid, and hint sums of arsenous anhydride and other heavy metals besides need to be controlled. Therefore chemical toxicity instead than radiation is the primary concern, and the safety systems are similar to those used in other chemical workss. For illustration, the environmental impact survey for the National Enrichment Facility in Lea County, New Mexico, found the environment impacts in all countries are at most moderate in a few countries such as transit during building and UF6 waste cylinder disposal [ 42 ] . This undertaking was approved and is now under building [ 43 ] . In July, 2008 a uranium waste leak at Tricastin in France, resulted in 6 three-dimensional metres of H2O incorporating U to be spilled into two local rivers [ 44 ] . Tricastin is the site of France s largest gaseous diffusion works, but it besides has four power reactors that supply electricity to the enrichment works. Port Hope has had jobs with uranium operations for many decennaries [ 45 ] . It has an estimate of 2 million three-dimensional metres of historic refinery wastes assorted with dirt dating from the 1930s to the 1970s [ 46 ] . In add-on, a new undertaking regulated in port hope aims to build waste direction installations for redress of the waste sites, and supply long-run monitoring and care of the installations. Escape from the big UF6 transition installation at Port Hope was found in 2007 [ 47 ] . Uranium, arsenic and some fluorine compounds had been leaking into the dirt under the works, since the start of the refinery. Contamination of the seaport may besides hold occurred from contaminated groundwater fluxing under the works. Extensive redress was undertaken and the works was re-opened in September 2008 [ 48 ] . Finally, important nursery gas ( GHG ) emanations are frequently attributed to atomic power because of the big sums of electricity used gaseous diffusion works which is being generated from coal. A Canadian enrichment works is most likely to be located in Ontario and Saskatchewan due the high favourable sum of atomic reactors. In 2005 Environment Canada calculated CO2 tantamount emanations per kWh of electricity for each state by burdening the emanation per-unit-energy for each coevals engineering by the per centum usage of that engineering in electricity production [ 49 ] . Saskatchewan electricity is produced chiefly from coal and gas and the emanation per kWh is 880g. [ 50 ] Ontario generates about 75 per centum of its electricity from atomic and hydro, and the mean emanation per kWh is 220g. Entire one-year emanations from a Capenhurst-type enrichment works of 1 M kg-SWU size would therefore be about 11,000 metric tons of CO2 for Ontario and four times that for Saskatchewan [ 51 ] . This is a comparatively little sum compared to the 34 M metric tons emitted by the Ontario electricity coevals system as a whole [ 52 ] . As CO2 emanations from all provincial electricity coevals systems are expected to diminish in the hereafter. Decision The building of the refinery and the development of atomic energy is a moral inquiry because it concerns life and decease on this planet. It is non merely a proficient affair refering economic sciences and energy beginnings. The lives of people everywhere are affected by uranium refineries, atomic reactors and atomic arms. Therefore the determinations must be made by all of these people, non by alleged experts. [ 53 ] Is Uranium needed? Uranium is an of import sector of Canada s chief natural resources. Canada s uranium production in 2007 was 11,180 metric tons of uranium oxide of which 9,476 metric tons was uranium metal. This is about 23 per centum of universe end product. About 9 per centum of the universe s U ore militias are present within the Athabasca basin of northern Saskatchewan in Canada. It presently has 22 CANDU reactors operated by public public-service corporations and private companies bring forthing on mean 14 % of the entire electricity. Exploration is still on-going and future mines are being proposed and will shortly come to production such as the Cigar Lake, Midwest Lake and the Millennium basin ( fig ) . This is really advantageous as it greatly expands the Canadian economic system and decreases the ingestion of fossil fuels, therefore deceases C dioxide emissions into the ambiance. However, the waste merchandises that are being produced from the extraction to the use in atomic reactors of U su ch as Pu and low U are so really harmful to the environment. That s why many people believe that the long-run danger to the planet caused by the spread of atomic engineering is greater than any benefit that U has to offer. Therefore, minimising the long term environmental impact of U is a really good proposal for the safeness of the environment/ecosystem and the human wellness. In decision, this could be done by enforcing rigorous environmental regulations where U ore is shipped off from the mine site. The extraction of U should be so taken to a distant topographic point where it wo nt impact the surrounding environment. Finally, if the factory is near to the operated mine, so the radiological jeopardy of the shadowings should besides be collected and treated in order to do it less harmful to the environment by minimising the radiation of the half life. Mentions Books: Holman, G.J. ( 1982 ) . Impacts if Canada s Uranium Mining Industry. Calgary, Alberta. Canadaian Energy Research Institute, 1-6pp OECD. ( 2004 ) . Uranium 2003: Resources, Production and Demand. Moulineaux, France. International Atomic Energy Agency, 97-100pp Harding, J. ( 2006 ) . Canada s Deadly Secret. Saskatchewan U and the planetary atomic system, Fernwood Publishing, Halifax and Winnipeg, Alberta. 118pp Bodansky, D ( 2000 ) . Nuclear Energy: Principles, Practices and Prospects, 2nd edition. New York: Springer. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 201-204pp Lamarsh, John R. and Baratta, Anthony, J. ( 2001 ) .Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 176-190pp Internet: Veslud, C ( 2007 ) . 3D mold of uranium-bearing solution-collapse breccias in Proterozoic sandstones ( Athabasca Basin, Canada ) Metallogenic readings. Computers and Geosciences. Quebec, Canada, 97-98pp Jefferson, C ( 2002 ) . Unconformity-associated uranium sedimentations of the Athabasca basin, Saskatchewan and Alberta. Geological study of Canada. Ottawa Canada. 273-274pp Leewuwen, J ( 2006 ) . Energy from Uranium. Oxford Research Group, Storm and Smith 2005. Oxford United Kingdom 20-22pp

How Mark Twains Views on Slavery Evolved

How Mark Twains Views on Slavery Evolved What did Mark Twain write about slavery? How did Twains background influence his position on slavery? Was he a racist? Born in a Slave State Mark Twain was a product of  Missouri, a slave state. His father was a judge, but he also traded in slaves at times. His uncle, John Quarles, owned 20 slaves, so Twain witnessed the practice of slavery firsthand whenever he spent summers at his uncles place. Growing up in Hannibal, Missouri,  Twain witnessed a slave owner brutally murder  a slave for merely doing something awkward. The owner had thrown a rock at the slave with such force that it killed him. Evolution of Twains Views on Slavery It is possible to trace the evolution of Twains thoughts on slavery in his writing, ranging from a pre-Civil War letter that reads somewhat racist to postwar utterances that reveal his clear opposition to slavery and his revulsion of slaveholders. His more telling statements on the subject are listed here in chronological order:   In a letter written in 1853, Twain wrote: I reckon I had better black my face, for in these Eastern states, nrs are considerably better than white people. Nearly two decades later, Twain  wrote to his good friend, novelist, literary critic, and playwright  William Dean Howells  about Roughing It  (1872):  I am as uplifted and reassured by it as a mother who has given birth to a white baby when she was awfully afraid it was going to be a mulatto. Twain laid bare his opinion of slavery in his classic  The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,  published in 1884.  Huckleberry, a runaway boy, and Jim, a runaway slave, sailed down the Mississippi together on a flimsy raft. Both had escaped abuse: the boy at the hands of his family, Jim from his owners. As they travel,  Jim,  a caring and loyal friend, becomes a father figure to Huck, opening the boys eyes to the human face of slavery. Southern society at the time considered  helping a runaway slave like Jim, who was thought to be inviolable property, the worst crime you could commit short of murder. But Huck sympathized so profoundly with Jim that the boy freed him. In Twains Notebook #35, the writer explains:   It seemed natural enough to me then; natural enough that Huck his father the worthless loafer should feel it approve it, though it seems now absurd. It shows that that strange thing, the conscience- the unerring monitor- can be trained to approve any wild thing you want it to approve if you begin its education early and stick to it. Twain  wrote in A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court (1889): The blunting effects of slavery upon the slaveholders moral perceptions are known and conceded the world over; and a privileged class, an aristocracy, is but a band of slaveholders under another name. In  his essay The Lowest Animal  (1896), Twain wrote: Man is the only Slave. And he is the only animal who enslaves. He has always been a slave in one form or another  and has always held other slaves in bondage under him in one way or another. In our day, he is always some mans slave for wages and does that mans work, and this slave has other slaves under him for minor wages, and they do his work. The higher animals are the only ones who exclusively do their own work and provide their own living. Then in 1904, Twain wrote in his notebook: The skin of every human being contains a slave. Twain said In his autobiography, finished in 1910 just four months before his death and published in three volumes, beginning at his behest  in 2010: The class lines were quite clearly drawn and the familiar social life of each class was restricted to that class. For most of Twains life, he railed against slavery in letters, essays, and novels as an evil manifestation of mans inhumanity to man. He eventually became a crusader against the thinking that sought to justify it.

About real estate in China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

About real estate in China - Essay Example Even they have experienced appreciation in price too. In this scenario certain statistics can be encompassed. Prices of high-end real estate have risen up to 54% from September of the year 2009 and the price became $500 per square foot. Even only in November, the housing prices rose 5.7% in 70 major cities. Construction of houses had drafted a nationwide staggering rise of 194 percent (Bloomberg Business week, â€Å"Is China Headed for A Major Real Estate Bubble?†). Not only the real estate but also the economy of China has also been booming. China has experienced a growth of 17.4% in the average annual rate of foreign trade. It has increased up to US$ 2,173.7 billion from US$ 20.6 billion over last 30 years (Xinhua, â€Å"China Ranks 2nd with 8.8% Of Worlds Exports  In 2007†). With economic growth, purchasing power of an individual will also be high and at the same time their consumption level will also enhance. It indicates that they will either opt for luxury or will seek for investment option. In both the situations, real estate industry will be benefited. Being a student of Finance and possessing sound knowledge in economics, I am well aware of the recent economic developments in China. Moreover it has left its footprint in the world economy during the global recession. It will be my privilege to work in such an economy. Even it is a recognized fact that getting involved with an industry in its growth period is a way of enhancing experience level. Real estate business of China is also booming and enjoyed a huge growth in last few years. Therefore being a professional, it will be a great opportunity for me to join your organization of repute and raise my career graph. I have completed my education from United States. I possess an MBA degree with specialization in Finance. Therefore I have a strong background in Finance. Even while pursuing MBA, I was engaged with the study of economics as

Effectiveness of Fall Prevention International Levels Essay

Effectiveness of Fall Prevention International Levels - Essay Example In a year between 700,000 and 1,000,000 people fall in the United States and have to access healthcare and social services through putting a strain on the effective use of resources for research and development in healthcare (Ganz, A., Huang C., Saliba D. et al., 2013). Financing a high number of such falls puts a strain on the health and social services in any country keeping in mind that these costs can be avoided by running effective fall prevention programs. Another social costs as a result of falling that could be alleviated by effective fall prevention are reducing the fear of falling, admittance to nursing facility, or reduced social and physical activity. These factors have health and social costs and effective fall prevention allows for the social planners and managers to have other services available for the people and improving healthcare that could be used up in provision of healthcare facilities and spaces for treating fall patients. The other benefit of effective fall prevention is the achievement of better standards of living by the community members and patients in healthcare facilities (Registered Nurses of Ontario, 2011). Effective fall prevention measures allows for reduced sicknesses from falls, reallocation of funds to other areas including education, better nutrition, housing, investment, among other areas from funds that could have facilitated access to treatments for injuries resulting from falls. The main challenge facing the achievement of effective prevention at the international level is the need for an interdisciplinary approach for care delivery for fall prevention. Fall prevention requires the concerted efforts of all individuals involved in care delivery for a patient. Different multiple disciplines and teams have to come together to provide effective fall prevention since one clinician no matter the extent of his/her talent cannot

Diversity in the Work Place Essay Example for Free

Diversity in the Work Place Essay Diversity in the work place has been a subject of contention for decades whether taken on the perspective of gender parity, in terms of race or considering factors that constitute age of the individuals at the work place. In addition, the contemporary world is changing so fast such that the factors that play role in sustainable social development in the society are generally changing. With organizations like the WLO (World Labor Organization) taking proactive steps towards ensuring equitable resource allocation at the work place for both men and women, it is a point of concern for anyone to consider the capability of women to perform the same task as do men and if they receive or should receive equal payment (Vardy et al 2008). The focal point of this paper is an in-depth scrutiny of whether women are capable of performing the same work as men and if at all they are equally paid for the same job done. In order for the paper to provide a clear view of this issue, it endeavors to analyze the values and judgments pertaining to the present human resource practices. By doing this, it will provide an insight focus on the future of these human resource practices in the work environment. Therefore the backbone of this discussion is the case of gender discrimination at the Home depot stores. Introduction Societal dynamics have put a level ground- or have endeavored to place a level ground- for both men and women to equally benefit from their achievement without discrimination. Nevertheless, the question of equal pay for equal work has persistently beleaguered the American place of work. Though federal and state laws proscribe varied pay rates based on sex, wide-ranging statistics indicate that the American woman has historically continued to receive less pay than the man. To some extent, this disparity comes about as a result of the fact that relatively more women are generally employed in fields like service sector work jobs which are traditionally less paying. On the same platform women’s rights organizations and union maintain that promotion of women employees to the executive positions on limited basis is a clear reflection of gender discrimination at the work place. Historically, professional and executive ranks in organizations have predominantly been occupied by men. Despite the fact that the latest trends show an increase in the number of women obtaining such posts, the proportion of women the population is bigger and therefore they still lag behind significantly (Conrad, 2007). Values, judgments, regarding present Human Resource practices It is worth noting that several legislative acts have been put forth to guide the present human resource practices at the work place. Similarly, these nondiscrimination laws have been intended to provide a guideline for employers to offer equal chances for women and men without discrimination. Despite these laws there is still more to be done as general trends show that there is still disparity and pay gaps. Other than these nondiscrimination laws, the central government and various states have implemented affirmative action laws since 1970s. These laws require employers should apply fairness and be just when recruiting employees and promoting. Though some business entities slowly embraced the laws they still remain to be among the most difficult issues Along with issues about a womans place in the work force, they continue to be some of the most complicated issues concerning American employers and workers (Swartz et al 2007). Gender and Sexual Orientation in the Workplace Women are playing a progressively more significant function in the workplace. Nonetheless with statistics showing that the gender disparity is still wide open, employers cannot afford to overlook gender-related matters and have to carry on with the endeavor to avert gender inequalities in the place of work. A number of legislations have been enacted to act as a guiding line for employers in the modern workplace. Thus the federal agencies have recognized the importance of making the workplace a friendly and fairly rewarding place to those who are employed there without discrimination. Among the regulations include the Equal Pay act, sex Discrimination Act and regulations like Employment Equality regulation (Vardy et al 2008). Case: Sex Discrimination Lawsuit against Wal-Mart Overview of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart Stores, Incorporation is an American public corporation that operates a chain of large, price cut department stores. It is the worlds biggest public corporation by returns. It is also the world largest retailer with over 7,200 stores with close to 975 discount stores. Wal-mart employs about 700,000 women and counts as the largest private sector employer of women in the United States. It is only unfortunate that these women employees have had to endure conditions of unequal pay and favoritism in advancement and assignments of tasks. These inequities happen at all levels of management in the organization starting from the worker who works on hourly basis up to the one at the senior management level (Swartz et al 2007). Current Lawsuit Wal-Mart Gender Discrimination Lawsuit Wal-Mart is presently confronted with the likelihood of compensating out billions of dollars in recompense for purportedly discriminating against the thousands of women workers. A group of courageous women came forth to claim for compensation for alleged discrimination at work. As a snapshot of the corporation, it has close to a million employees in the US and Canada. Among these employees, over 40% are female. The problem that arises is that of the 40% only and in fact less than 30% of the management positions are held by female employees. Values and Judgments Most organizations have taken a proactive stance towards creating an environment for equal opportunity devoid of gender discrimination. Globalization and the general paradigm shift that has made the idea of integration fast acceptable and worth embracing have also made it possible for organizations all over the globe to embrace the changes that call for equality at the place of work. In this manner therefore the modern organization is up on heels to create a climate of equal opportunity by coming up with models and frameworks that are specifically geared towards managing diversity. The problem that comes along this is that the contemporary working environment is heavily complicated and therefore a number of business entities, for fear of change or uncertain about the impact of change are reluctant to embrace such measures. Those embracing it are doing it at a lag pace. This arises from the complexity of the manner in which environmental issues, values, factors, and cognitions create diverse perceptions concerning fair treatment at the place of work. The group of women who advanced a case against Wal-Mart identified a number of malpractices in human resources management at the corporation. There are several tactics employed by Wal-Mart to d discriminate against women employees. These tactics are basically executed through methods ranging from pay disparities to denial of promotion (Vardy et al 2008) Unequal Pay The women decried the two pay scales used at Wal-Mart and identified it as a major hitch in human resources management practices. This practice shortchanges the women since they perform the same job and tasks just as men yet men workers are paid between five and fifteen percent more than women. On the same platform, further statistics indicate that even if the women were given a promotion into management this does not guarantee them any better as far as fair treatment is concerned. Though women at the corporation have higher ratings and longer seniority ratings on average as compared to their male counterparts, those who make it to the top management positions are still discriminated against as they receive an annual pay about $5,000 less than the man counterpart in the same position. Male management trainees receive an annual pay nearly $5,000 more than female counterparts. And the top executive positions are also not spared. Women employees holding top executive positions at Wal-Mart are exposed to discrimination. This is evident from the fact that the women employee who holds this position receives an average of about $279,800 on annual basis as compared to a male counterpart who receives more than three- quarters of this more. Methodical Denial of Advancement Despite the fact that women employees constitute more than 70% of the workforce in the corporation men dominate the ranks of management. Women only comprise less than 35% of managers and less than 20% of the managers. Lower paying jobs in the corporation are concentrated with women where they make the biggest percentage. Jobs like sales associates and cashiers are filled b y women in percentages than men. Wal-Mart is trapped in the Past Wal-Mart provides work for fewer women in administration in the present day than its competitors did in 1975. Twenty equivalent traders employed an average of 41. 6% women managers by then. Today, Wal-Mart provides employment for slightly over 30%. Today, Wal-Mart’s competitors have over 55% of management positions made up of women employees constitute (Christian et al 2006). Women encounter unreasonable barriers to promotion at Wal-Mart On average, a male employee takes about 2 years to be promoted to the rank of assistant manager, counted from the day of hire. The woman employee will be promoted to the same rank in about four years’ period. Impediments are created in the organization and hinder women from getting promotion as their male counterparts. For instance, one among the women who sued the corporations said that though she had worked for seven years at the company and managed to receive evaluations indicating â€Å"goes beyond expectations† was advised to commit herself in writing to working overnight in the stores for two years when she expressed a desire to be accorded a promotion. This was strange since the men employees were not required to undergo such process to be promoted. Key Success Factors for Women in Management positions Though women at work place have been discriminated in several ways, there are also several factors that influence women’s future career development in management. Campaigns have been staged world over by a number of organizations both governmental and non-governmental to promote education without discriminating against girls. This has made it possible for women to prosper in various management positions thus gaining representation in fields like science and other professional jobs. Women continue to excel in these areas just as men. A study was carried out in Turkey which explored the factors that play role in women’s career advancement. The study revealed that though women have a substantial representation in professional and scientific jobs, they are only represented by 4% in top management. The most significant factor that was identified as a major barrier to women’s career advancement is the cultural norms towards gender roles. Cultural norms that are bent and biased against women in the society extend into the field of management thus causing the same bias against women even in management of business entities (Conrad, 2007). Verdict In conclusion, the supreme court dealing with the issue of Wal-Mart discrimination against women is likely to suggest that the group of women be compensated by the corporation for the wrong done. The future of women performance and appraisal at the workplace looks bright since if several of such rulings are passed in favor of the wronged groups of women, other likely perpetrators of women discrimination will hold back. This will encourage the appreciation of the fact that the modern woman is capable of performing the same duty the man performs and the employing organization should find no trouble paying her for the task. Works Cited Christian, J. , Porter L. W. , and Moffitt G. â€Å"Workplace Diversity and Group Relations: An Overview Group Processes Intergroup Relations†, (2006). 9, (4). 459-466. Conrad, Alison M. (Ed) â€Å"Hand Book of workplace Diversity† 2007. Swartz L. Garden, Rowe A. , Digh P. and Bennett, M. â€Å"The Global Diversity: Supervision of an International Workforce† 2007 Vardy, F. J. J. and Morgan, J. â€Å"Diversity in the Workplace† 2008

spanning tree protocol :: essays research papers

Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning tree protocol is a protocol that prevents loops that are not wanted in a network. In order for a network to work properly it has to have only one active path between two network stations. If there are multiple active paths between stations loops can and will occur. When loops occur, there can sometimes be duplicate messages in the network. The loops are created by the network and if the devices that connect the network segments are all configured to forward, they will continuously forward frames into an endless network loop. If there are enough loops going then a frame will not reach its destination. The reason duplicate messages occur is because sometimes switches will see situations appear on both sides of it. When this occurs that is when spanning tree protocol comes in. In order to shut down the loops bridges and switches exchange BPDU messages with other bridges and switches to detect loops and then remove them by shutting down selected bridge interfaces. BPDU is short for bridge protocol data unit. Bridge protocol data units are part of the spanning tree protocol and they help describe and identify the parts of a switch port. The bridge protocol data unit allows switches to obtain information about each other. All the switches gather information from each other by exchanging data messages. In order for them to exchange messages they have to elect a root switch for the topology. The root switch has to be unique. The way they elect they have to have a unique switch for every local area network segment. To exchange messages they have to remove all loops by putting them in a backup state. Now to talk about states there is 5 different states. Two of the five states do not participate in frame forwarding. Frame forwarding is what the three main states do. The three main states are listening, learning, and forwarding. The other 2 are blocking state and disabled state. When you enable the spanning tree protocol the network goes through the blocking state and then the listening state and learning state are enabled after being turned on. If the protocol is properly configured the ports are stabilized to the forwarding or blocking state. The blocking state does not participate in the frame forwarding. It removes frames that are received from the attached segment. It also discards frames from another port for forwarding.

HR manager interview Essay

1- What made you choose HR to be your career? Answer: I work well with people and I have great communication and organizational skills. I like to be treated as a valuable person that 2- Tell me about your company’s culture. Answer: The culture of the company is diverse as it is an equal employment opportunity employer. 3- What, according to you, are the qualities that an HR executive/manager must have? Answer: An HR executive must have leadership skills, excellent communication skills, good writing skills, and strong organizational skills. 4- What does your hiring process look like? Answer: We have a recruiting specialist that publishes job postings on multiple online sources, including various university websites, LinkedIn, Monster, etc. The recruiting specialist selects qualified applicants who are then called for an initial screening over the phone. The information from the phone screening is discussed with the manager. If the applicant possesses all the desired qualities, they are then called back for a face-to-face interview. The hiring committee consists of multiple individuals that vary based on the position (these individuals can include the benefits specialist, training specialist, HR business partner, etc). Each member interviews the applicant individually. The applicant is asked a series of questions. After the interview, the members of the hiring committee meet to discuss the applicant and make a final selection. 5- Do you have an HR system? If yes, what is it? Is it effective? Answer: We use a software system called Ceridian that tracks all employees, both active and terminated. Terminated employees are kept in the system for legality purposes. The system also tracks PTO hours, benefits, paychecks, etc. Employees can find all this information there. We also use a Learning Management System (LMS) called Saba. This is a training database that stores all the training the employees have completed. 6- Does your company do exit reviews? If yes, how do utilize the information? Answer: We do exit reviews in an effort to understand why the employee left. It is also an opportunity to transfer knowledge and experience before the employee leaves. 7- What type of performance assessment system do you use in your organization? Is it effective? Answer: 8- What methods do you use to ensure diversity within your organization? Answer: When we hire an employee, we use a targeted selection to collect job-related behavior. 9- What BDs (Business Developments) do you use to develop your staff? Is it effective? Answer: 10- How does pay/salary background helps with deciding the salary for a new applicant? Answer: Thank you for your time and efforts!

Baldwin Norman

The profundity of silence is a theme that plays a significant role in the works â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† by James Baldwin and â€Å" ’night, Mother† by Marsha Norman. The two tales represent confessions by family members that uncover the profound effect that each person’s communication method has had on the other. In particular, one identifies a lack of communication within both family relationships that demonstrates itself in an overabundance of silence.Baldwin’s tale recounts the woes of a certain brother who feels himself somehow responsible for the tragic events that have faced his younger sibling, and it portrays a relationship that lacks effective communication. Likewise, Norman portrays a family that has spent its usefulness in the avoidance of conversation. She eventually reveals the inadequacies of the mother who is at last unable to rescue her child from the pressures that cause her to contemplate death as the only acceptable option.The protagonists of each story find themselves in family relationships that fall short of the support necessary to prevent each from receding beyond the point of recovery. The tale rehashed in Marsha Norman’s play â€Å" ‘night, Mother† explores the hopelessness that leads to suicide, and in so doing, closely maps the psychological condition of the character Jessie (Whited 65). It takes the analysis of the situation into the realm of the family and considers that cocoon to be the engine that generates and exacerbates the problem Jessie faces. The â€Å"problem† is given its lineage in the relationships experienced by the members of the family.The relationships appear to be filled with action and devoid of communication. Of her own culpability, Mama says, â€Å"I didn’t tell you things or I married you off to the wrong man or I took you in and let your life get away from you or all of it put together† (lines 611-613). This circumstance points tow ard an overemphasizing of action and the downplaying of the type of conversation that allows true feelings to come to the fore. Jessie also recalls the silence of her father, and Norman hints that this silence has for the past decades stabilized or subdued the appearance of Jessie’s mental condition.Yet, this same silence has perhaps created the environment in which her mental or psychological illness has been allowed to germinate (Whited, 67). The idea that Jessie breaks her silence precisely at that hour in which her mental condition has become overwhelming and irreparable gives the idea that the lack of communication within her family setting may actually have been to her detriment. The exploration of the relationship between the narrator and his brother Sonny in James Baldwin’s â€Å"Sonny’s Blues† also represents a crisis of silence and suffocation within a family setting.This family in which Sonny resides also betrays a tendency toward continual act ion that precludes the kind of conversation which might have allowed the brothers to truly understand each other. Without understanding Sonny, the narrator (his brother) and their mother make plans to protect him for the rest of his life. They encourage him to live in situations that are not conducive to his spirited nature, such as his residence with Isabel while his brother goes off to war. Yet the silence Sonny endures, like that of Jessie, has the appearance of being his preferred mode of existence.The narrator says, â€Å"Sonny has never been talkative,† yet he goes on to say something more insightful that hints at the true desires that Sonny has always had. He continues, â€Å"So I don’t know why I was sure he’d be dying to talk to me when supper was over the first night† (Baldwin, 8). This hints at the underlying idea that though silence prevailed within the family, probing by his brother and mother might have dispelled both the silence and the dis mal circumstances that later defined Sonny’s life.Literary analyst Tracey Sherard writes: â€Å"the narrator comes to understand his brother Sonny through the latter’s apparent struggle to strike out into the deep, unexplored waters of jazz improvisation† (691). Therefore, it is only through the music that Sonny’s brother is able to communicate with and understand him in the end. Comparisons between the two tragic characters of the stories, Sonny and Jessie, can be made in regard to their life choices. The two characters can be seen to choose silence during the early years of their lives, and this might be connected to another form of silence throughout the later stages of their lives.Sonny’s choice of life has led him to heroin, and this dangerous drug might be considered one that paves a path to death in a manner that is very similar to the suicide that Jessie contemplates. Both characters, therefore, choose suicide as the only means of silencing the worries and discontent of their lives. Jessie expresses a desire to sleep â€Å"whenever she wanted to, just by closing her eyes† (line 637), and this she has not been able to do since she was a â€Å"pink and fat† baby (639-40). This choice to commit suicide is therefore an extension of the idea of closing one’s eyes to problems of life.Sonny, in a similar way, chooses to close his eyes to his problems via his use of heroin. And likewise, the extension of this action (continued heroin use) is precisely concurrent with the death that Jessie so openly craves. Jessie’s mother, who desires not death, says â€Å"I’m not like you, Jessie. I hate the quiet and I don’t want to die† (lines 626-27) and this juxtaposition of death and quietness underscores the idea that the death desired by Jessie and Sonny can be seen also to be a form of silence.The motif of silence can be carried through even further within the analysis of the stories t old by these authors. During the few short moments before her death, Jessie takes a break from her silence to explain the essence of it to her mother. Within this time she uncovers all the pain that her silence has embodied for the years preceding (Whited, 67). She also enumerates the problems that her ensuing death will hope to silence within her. This moment of conversation can be compared to (and in fact prefigures) the bullet that breaks for a split second the silence that has defined Jessie’s life.It also effects the reconstruction of that silence by guaranteeing its continuation in death. Death guarantees not only that the disappointments and fears in Jessie’s psyche will be quieted, but also that the events that have generated or exacerbated these problems will also cease to trouble her. The forms of silence to which Sonny subscribes are heroin (as has been uncovered above) and music. While heroin promises to lead him toward that final and inexorable death of th e body, music provides a spiritual release for him that also provides an effective (if temporary) silence from his turmoil.Sonny’s escape to music as a means of silencing his demons can be compared to the way his brother describes their father as being â€Å"on the lookout for ‘something a little better. ’† Yet he goes on to say that his father â€Å"died before he found it† (Baldwin, 8). Sonny, too, looks to music as a form of escape—a means of quieting his dissatisfaction with his circumstances, a way of searching for something better. While as a youth he annoyed Isabel’s family with his constant piano playing, everyone was able to sense that â€Å"Sonny was at that piano playing for his life† (16).The piano’s music silenced not only the troubles that haunted his mind, but also the voices of hoodlums and vagrants on the street that would have called him into a life of crime and dissipation. It was, in fact, the eventual silencing of the piano by the screams of Isabel’s family that precipitated the demise that his music had been holding at bay. This re-establishes and supports the idea that music was a means of silencing the call of the inner city life and pressures that threatened to overtake Sonny in his youth.The lives and relationships explored within â€Å"’Night, Mother† and â€Å"Sonny’s Blues,† as told by Marsha Norman and James Baldwin respectively, speak loudly and portray vividly a distinct and almost impenetrable silence that enveloped the main characters. For Jessie, silence has been the defining characteristic of her relationship between her father during both his life and his death. During his life, he demonstrated his love with actions, and while Jessie appeared to be comfortable in that silence, the very essence of it provided the environment in which her psychological demise germinated and matured.Her mother, though disliking silence, has rarely been able penetrate Jessie’s, and this proves to facilitate the more permanent form of silence to which she graduates: that of death. Sonny too experiences silence within his relationships—a silence that becomes extended and embodies by the activities of his life. He refuses to speak to his family, silencing the discomfiture with music or heroin. Like Jessie, Sonny’s major life decisions place him on a path toward the ultimate silence: death. Works Cited Baldwin, James. â€Å"Sonny’s Blues. † Wright State University.1957. Online Text. http://www. wright. edu/~alex. macleod/winter06/blues. pdf Norman, Marsha. â€Å"’Night, Mother. † Literature: Reading, Writing, Reacting. Laurie G. Kirzner & Stephen Mandell (Eds). 4th Ed. New York: Harcourt College Publishers, 2001. 1708-1743. Sherard, Tracey. â€Å"Sonny’s Bebop: Baldwin’s ‘Blues Text’ as Intracultural Critique. † African American Review. Vol. 32, Iss ue 4. (Winter 1998): 691-705. Whited, Lana A. â€Å"Suicide in Beth Henley's Crimes of the Heart and Marsha Norman's ‘night, Mother. † Southern Quarterly 36 (Fall 1997): 65-74.

How to Volunteer at an Animal Shelter

How to Volunteer at an Animal Shelter SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Love animals? Thinking about a career as a veterinarian? Or maybe you're just hoping to play with animals? Volunteering at an animal shelter can be a great experience. How can you become an animal shelter volunteer? What will you do as a volunteer? Are there alternative experiences? This guide will answer all those questions and more, so read on! What to Expect as an Animal Shelter Volunteer While volunteering at an animal shelter can be a great experience, it's not going to be fun and games all the time.You willget to play with animals, but that will not be your only responsibility.You’ll likely also be cleaning up after them, sweeping, mopping, filling water and food bowls, tidying litter boxes, washing towels, etc. After all of these things are done, you'll have a chance toplay with the animals. It's going to be work first, and then fun. You’ll likely also have to deal with some customer servicework such asanswering phone calls and responding toadoptionquestions. Depending on the shelter where you work, you may be assigned a specific "job." These jobs include: Adoption Liaison:Assist potential adopters through the process of adoption (meeting animals, filling out paperwork, etc.). Kennel Assistant (sometimes dog or cat specific): Clean the kennel, feed the animals, and provide walks/exercise for the animals. Training Class Assistant:Helprunthe dog training classes offered by the shelter (if applicable). Surgery Support Volunteer:Stay with the animals as they wake up from surgery. Make sure pet owners have all the information they need for post-surgery care. Animal Transport Volunteer:Driveanimals between the shelter and clinic. NOTE:Some shelters require you be 18 years or older to do certain jobs such as animal transport. On top of the menial tasks you may have to do as an animal shelter volunteer, you’ll also likely deal with some sadness.Youmayget attached to animals who end up adopted, and if you work at a kill shelter, you might also get attached to animals that end up euthanized.It’s not always an easy job, so make sure you take all of this into consideration before committing to volunteering at an animal shelter. WhatArethe Requirements for Being an Animal Shelter Volunteer? Most shelters only allow volunteers aged 16 and older.Check your local shelter to find out their age requirement (I’ll get into how to locate a shelter below).If you’re under 16 and want to volunteer, see if they’ll make an exception.They may also let you volunteer if your legal guardian signs off on it or if your legal guardian volunteers with you. Most shelters make you commit to at least a few months of volunteering, if not a full year.These shelters spend time and money training their volunteers, so they want to make sure you’re committed. Atyour trainingororientation, you'll learn the rules of volunteering, sign paperwork (release forms), and get a tour of the facilities along with instructions on how to do your volunteer "job." On top of a commitment to a length of time, you usually also have to commit to at least one shift every other week. Shifts range from 2-4 hours depending on the shelter. Some shelters have physical requirements too (since you might be dealing with large animals and lifting things).They mayrequire you to be physically fit enough to stand and or walk for up to 3 hours and be able to lift and carry 20 lbs or more.They also may require you to be able to tolerate loud sounds and bad odors. Again, contact your local shelter or humane society to ask about their specific volunteer requirements.Learn how to find their contact informationin the next section How to Find a Volunteering OpportunityNear You Finding an animal shelternear you should be as simple as conducting a Google Search for â€Å"[Your Town Name] Animal Shelter† or â€Å"[Your Town Name] Animal Rescue† or â€Å"[Your Town Name] Humane Society.†That should lead you to thewebsite for an animal shelter or, at least, the contact information for an animal shelter near you. If you’re able to locate a specific animal shelter website, look for a volunteer page.On the volunteer page, shelters usually list a contact person for potential volunteers. Reach out to that person to get started as a volunteer.Other shelters have online applications for potential volunteers. Fill one out to get started. If you’re unable to find a website, use whatever contact information you can find through Google to get in touch with someone (whether through phone or email) who works at the shelter andask about volunteering. Don’t be surprised if it takes you a while to get a response about volunteering or if a shelter tells you they don’t need volunteers right now. Volunteering at animal shelters can be very popular, and someshelters already have a lot of volunteers and don’t need more help.You maybe able to be put on a volunteer waitlist. However, if that's not an option,try to approach the next closest shelter in your area. The Good and Bad of Volunteering at an Animal Shelter How is volunteering at an animal shelter different than other volunteer work?You get to work with animals and meet like-minded animal lovers! It's a great way to make friends and spend time with cuddly critters. You also get to help lonely animals. You get to play with them, make sure they live in a clean environment, and help them find loving homes. You'll help guide people on their path to finding their dream pet. It's challenging work, but it can also be a rewarding process. Are you interested in potentially becoming a veterinarian or doing other work with animals? Volunteeringat a humane society will allow you to test out whetheryou’d like to pursue a career working with animals.Working as a shelter volunteer, you'll learn so much about what it takes to take care of animals. You'll learn how hard it is, how rewarding it is, and how sad it can be. By the end of your volunteer experience, you should have a good understanding of whether it's the work you want to do. Volunteering at an animal shelter can also be a great experience for your college application. Here at PrepScholar, we often recommend you try to be an expert in one field rather than well-rounded. Colleges want students who're experts in something.If your passion is animals, or something similar, working at an animal shelterwill look great on your application. Make sure you complement your animal shelter volunteer work with other animal-related experiences(i.e. hosting a fundraiser to build a dog park or gathering signatures to add an animal to the endangered species list). Additionally, many extracurricular experiences cost money (such asvolunteer abroad programs). Volunteering is a free extracurricular experience that won't cost you anything other than your time. I highly recommend engaging in volunteer work even if you ultimately decide an animal shelter is not the right place for you. Keep in mind that, as I said before, volunteer work is not all fun. You'll have to do menial work such as cleaning up after the animals beforeyou can play with them. Additionally, if you work at a kill shelter, you might getattached to animals who get adopted or euthanized.If you’re interested in working with animals (but don’t want to or can't work at an animal shelter), you could try some similar alternatives. Check out the next section for ideas. Alternatives to Volunteering at an Animal Shelter If you don’t have the time to commit to working at a shelter, consider job shadowing a veterinarian for a day or two.Job shadowing is a great, quick way to learn more about veterinary work. Another alternative isfostering an animal if youhave space at your house (and yourparents allow it).However, fostering is a big commitment, so make sure that you and your family have the time to dedicate to caring for the animal you foster. If you need to make money and don’t have the time to volunteer for free, consider trying to get a job as a dog walker or pet sitter.If you live in a major metropolitan area (NY, LA, Seattle, etc.), there is a dog walking app called Wag, where you can set your own hours to walk dogs. Consider checking it out! If you’re interested in medicine in general (and not just working with animals), consider doing a summer medical program, summer medical internship, volunteering at a hospital, or job shadowing a doctor.Read our other article on Medical Experiences for High School Students for more details (Coming soon!). What’s Next? If you’re a high school student looking for an extracurricular activity, learn about Model UN and how to join your high school newspaper. Looking for something to do this summer? You should check out the Emory Pre-College Program and the Boston University Summer Challenge. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Are Video Games Good For Children Children And Young People Essay

Are Video Games Good For Children Children And Young People Essay For that matter, are video games good for adults. Has anyone ever seen the effects of prolonged exposure to video games and the effects it has on someones family or the community? As a father, I have dealt with negative effects of video games first hand. There have been numerous studies and debates on the subject of video games and the effects, whether positive or negative, they have on children. Video games are not good for children because of the negative effects to a child’s behavior and overall health. Violent tendencies Children that play violent orientated video games have displayed violent tendencies toward others. There have been numerous studies and research conducted, on violent video games played by children, which suggest that children â€Å"may become more aggressive after playing† (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2010) those types of games and the conclusion behind this reasoning, are three traits of the personality, which are â€Å"high neuroticism† , â€Å"disagreeableness†, and â€Å"low levels of conscientiousness† (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2010). Playing violent orientated video games cause children to act and think aggressively (Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2010). These conditions may cause children to commit violent acts or behavior. Violent Behavior In addition to increased aggression, â€Å"children who play violent video games are associated with increased violent behavior† (Souccar, 2012). Because of this behavior, there have been multiple despicable acts such as the Virginia Tech shootings where a gunman killed over thirty people in 2007(Lee, Finley, 2011). In 1999, another devastating act in Columbine, Colorado, â€Å"two teenage gunmen† entered a school with weapons, killed twelve students and a teacher, before taking their own lives (Belanger, Wagner, 2011). â€Å"Eric Harris and Dylan Kiebold were frequent players† and program contributors to a violent video game called â €Å"Doom† (Lee, Finley, 2011). Children or teens, that do not commit violent acts, may still display pathologic behavior. Pathologic Behavior Children that play video games exhibit pathologic behavior. There are many warning signs of pathologic behavior, such as â€Å"lying about or hiding how much time is spent playing or disobeying parental limits; losing interest in sports and hobbies; choosing the game over time with friends; and continuing to play despite plummeting grades†(Wagner, 2008). This is a very touchy subject in my household. My thirteen year old step-son has exhibited pathologic behavior because of video games. When the neighbor’s kids come to ask him to play outside, he refuses and has continued playing his games. His grades at school have suffered because he does not concentrate on doing his homework and worries more about playing video games. He has told a few lies, thrown tantrums, kicked walls and our washing machine, and is constantly disres pectful to his siblings, my wife and myself. My step-son has also exhibits signs of video game addiction. Video Game Addictions Children with video game addictions, if left untreated, could have disastrous effects as adults. There are millions of people all over the world who love to play video games, either on game systems or online social media, but that love for the video games turns into tragedy for those with video game addictions. According to Lee and Finley (2011), a couple in Korea went to a local establishment to feed their video game addiction, only to return home over five hours later to find their four month old baby girl dead because she was left alone. Also according to Lee and Finley (2011), parents in Reno, Nevada were arrested â€Å"after their obsession with video games caused them to neglect to feed their two young children†.

Organizational Behavior, Dr. Pavlov Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Organizational Behavior, Dr. Pavlov - Essay Example Reinforcement means repeating a set pattern of actions, considering them pleasurable when doing so and doing it enough times for the body to bypass conscious evaluation of action and respond immediately with the set pattern that is linked to a stimuli. Pavlov's father was reinforcing him for priesthood after his accident. Athletes use reinforcement to prepare themselves, repeating the motions of their particular sport, enjoying the process even when they seem to be in physical plan and use repetition till the execution of the desire motion becomes second nature, this is reinforcement. Extinction is best explained like this. Constant exposure to a stimulus lowers its perceptible threat, given a new element is not introduced. Dr. Pavlov's indifference towards the danger of offending Stalin, who uncharacteristically didn't respond, explains extinction. The feeling of being annihilated is intense when the stimulus is new, but with constant exposure, the threat reduces and we feel safer. This is how children evolve from the fear of the boogeyman. With constant exposure to darkness (provided no one is trying to scare them), boogeyman does not feel so threatening anymore. The Pavlovian concept of discrimination is based on how a stimulus is evaluated and responded to, the response can be conditioned based on past experiences or unconditioned due to uncertainty on evaluating a new stimuli that has been introduced. Dr. Pavlov reprimanding his assistant for being late to the laboratory despite pitched battles taking place on the streets shows how he discriminated the situa tion differently from those around him. The most common examples of discrimination can be seen among people who have different preferences in music genres. An individual who prefers classical music like that of Mozart and Beethoven, discriminates the current hip hop scene very differently from one who lives off on such kind of music. Discrimination is based upon past conditioning and acquired response, but it can and does change over a period of time. Generalization, as the name suggests, is the perceptual experience of an uncommon situation, expressed through evaluation with past experiences. Dr. Pavlov's indifference to practicalities like taking care of his finances or personal safety, irrespective of penury or losing his son or on becoming a Nobel Prize winner and writing angry letters to Stalin, display his generalization towards practical matters. Most prominent generalizations are seen on television networks covering natural disasters like hurricanes. Before a hurricane hits shore, certain patterns are detectable, based on this predictions are made. Whenever a similar pattern emerges, a call for cover against hurricanes is called for; sometimes it is a false alarm. But generalizations have been made based on past data, assuming that when A = C, the chances of C happening when A manifests itself is highly probable, this is generalizing, the media conglomerates have understood this concept well and use it periodically and effectively.